Are you interested in testing our business solutions? A total of 400 new generation trains were ordered. A planned launch of the maglev train was set for 2025. [215][216], Typical application of track technology in China high-speed lines, Chinese train-makers and rail builders have signed agreements to build HSRs in Turkey, Venezuela, Argentina,[217] and Indonesia[218] and are bidding on HSR projects in the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil (So Paulo to Rio de Janeiro) and Myanmar, and other countries. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. The HSR network includes new mixed passenger-freight lines with a design speed of 200250km/h (120160mph). The CRH380AL train set, shown above at the, Growth of China's high-speed rail network, Early passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, Passenger-freight railways and connecting conventional lines. He also introduced that a few days ago, he traveled from Chengdu to . Bombardier, the first foreign train-maker to form a joint venture in China, has been sharing technology for the manufacture of railway passenger cars and rolling stock since 1998. This has allowed high-speed rail to attract more than 1.7 billion passengers a year from all income groups. [51] In all, the state planned to spend $300billion to build a 25,000km (16,000mi) HSR network by 2020.[52][53]. data than referenced in the text. Bombardier transfers advanced and mature technology to China, which we do not treat as an experimental market.[44] Unlike other series which have imported prototypes, all CRH1 trains have been assembled at Bombardier's joint-venture with CSR, Bombardier Sifang in Qingdao. The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Over the past decade, the country has added over 35,000 kilometers to its high-speed rail (HSR) network, with the total length that far exceeds the rest of the world combined. Ministry held the power drafting policy on railroad transposition, development of the rail network and rail infrastructure in China. [50], After committing to conventional-track high-speed rail in 2006, the state embarked on an ambitious campaign to build passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, which accounted for a large part of the government's growing budget for rail construction. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Public Transportation & Mobility Services, Fastest trains in the world by record speed 2022, Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country, Passenger transport volume of highspeed railways in China 2008-2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) 2011-2021, To download this statistic in XLS format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PNG format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PDF format you need a Statista Account. Higher-speed express train service allowed more trains to share the tracks and improved rail transport capacity. As of 2007, the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang high-speed railway, which carried trains at top speed of 250km/h (155mph) along the Liaoxi Corridor in the Northeast, was the only passenger-dedicated HSR line (PDL) in China, but that would soon change as the country embarked on a high-speed railway construction boom. [180] If the rail-backed loans cannot be fully repaid, they may be refinanced or the banks may seize ownership of the railways. On October 26, 2010, China opened its 15th high-speed rail, the ShanghaiHangzhou line, and unveiled the CRH380A trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang started regular service. The order had a similar delivery structure with three shipped directly from Savigliano along with six kits assembled by CNR's CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles, and the rest locally made with transferred technology and some imported parts. China's Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail operator is more profitable After the completion of a third track in 2000 and a fourth in 2007, the line became the first in China to run high-speed passenger and freight service on separate tracks. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "High-speed rail in China" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. [60] Sheng announced that all trains in the high-speed rail network would operate at a maximum speed of 300km/h (186mph) beginning on July 1, 2011. [115][116] However in 2013, only few lines had yet become profitable. The train operated in commercially on conventional rail lines in southwest China from 2007 to 2010. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. [100] To stimulate ridership, on August 16, 2011 ticket prices on high-speed trains were reduced by five percent. [129], By 2015, six high speed rail lines, BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai, ShanghaiHangzhou, NanjingHangzhou and GuangzhouShenzhenHong Kong report operational profitability. Many users want proof that high-speed rail can be a profitable, efficient job generator to help raise the sagging U.S. economy when compared with other types of transportation. The following year, Siemens reshuffled its bidding team, lowered prices, joined the bidding for 350km/h (217mph) trains and won a 60-train set order. [188] By the spring of 2011, commercial airline service had been completely halted on previously popular routes such as WuhanNanjing, WuhanNanchang, XianZhengzhou and ChengduChongqing. [62], After the political shake-up, concerns about HSR safety, high ticket prices, financial sustainability and environmental impact received greater scrutiny in the Chinese press. Rail Vehicle Market Restraints, Segments and Regional - MarketWatch The Euro Carex is a truly European scale project that aims at using the existing high-speed . China's railway diplomacy hits the buffers | Financial Times Are high-speed rail systems profitable? - KnowledgeBurrow.com [55][72] Critics both in China and abroad have questioned the necessity of having an expensive high-speed rail system in a largely developing country, where most workers cannot afford to pay a premium for faster travel. [121] The number of high-speed train sets in operation grew from 1,277 pairs in June to 1,556.5 pairs in December. [note 3] The HSR building boom continues with the HSR network set to reach 70,000km (43,000mi) in 2035. As of 2021, the operation length of the high-speed rail (HSR) in China amounted to around . As of February 2016, high-speed rails covered nearly 20,000km (12,427mi). [15], A 2019 World Bank study estimated the rate of economic return of China's high-speed rail network to be at 8 percent, which is well above the opportunity cost of capital in China for major long term infrastructure investments. [52] In addition, high-speed rail fares are considerably more expensive than conventional rail service. Within two years of cooperation with Kawasaki to produce 60 CRH2A sets, CSR began in 2008 to build CRH2B, CRH2C and CRH2E models at its Sifang plant independently without assistance from Kawasaki. [97][98] The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from 250km/h (155mph) to 200km/h (124mph), and 200km/h (124mph) to 160km/h (99mph) on upgraded pre-existing lines. Although both classified as high-speed rail, the Shanghai Maglev often is not counted as part of the national high-speed rail network, while XRL is fully integrated into the national network of the CRH. [188] The impact of high-speed rail on air travel is most acute for intercity trips under 500km (310mi). With the right commercial strategy, high-speed rail (HSR) routes can be profitable, with some lines achieving modal shares of up to 65%. Trains on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and a few other inter-city lines remained at 350km/h (217mph). Between June and September 2005, the MOR launched bidding for high-speed trains with a top speed of 350km/h (217mph), as most of the main high-speed rail lines were designed for top speeds of 350km/h (217mph) or higher. China Railway is the successor of the former Ministry of Railways. [76][77][78] The accident occurred when one train traveling near Wenzhou was struck by lightning, lost power and stalled. [34] These concerns have prevented the construction of the proposed extension of the maglev to Hangzhou. [121][122], In response to a slowing economy, central planners approved a slew of new lines including Shangqiu-Hefei-Hangzhou,[123] Zhengzhou-Wanzhou,[124] Lianyungang-Zhenjiang,[125] Linyi-Qufu,[126] Harbin-Mudanjiang,[127] Yinchuan-Xi'an,[123] Datong-Zhangjiakou,[123] and intercity lines in Zhejiang[128] and Jiangxi. Despite impressive ridership figures, virtually every completed line has incurred losses in its first years of operation. By 2008, as part of the infrastructure development plan that accompanied the country hosting the Olympic Games, high-speed trains between Beijng and Tainjin were introduced and set the world record for average journey speed at 313km/h . COVID-19 outbreak disrupted rail transport Is European high-speed rail profitable? Build It, And They Will. In China, high-speed rail service is competitive with road and air transport for distances of up to about 1200 km. While maglev was drawing attention to Shanghai, conventional track HSR technology was being tested on the newly completed Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Passenger Railway. [154] Conservative scholars and officials are worried that the indebted high-speed rail is further exacerbated by its unprofitability, operating at a daily loss of $24 million USD as of November 2021. As per the official statement of National High-Speed Rail . In 1993, commercial train service in China averaged only 48km/h (30mph) and was steadily losing market share to airline and highway travel on the country's expanding network of expressways. New Delhi [India], May 1 (ANI): The training of Indian engineers and work leaders have started for the High-Speed Rail Track system for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high speed rail corridor (MAHSR), for T-2 Package (covering 237 km between Vapi and Vadodara). The CRH380 series(or family) of trains was initially built with direct cooperation (or help) from foreign trainmakers, but newer trainsets are based on transferred technology, just like the Hexie and Fuxing Hao. High-speed trains on PDLs can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). Statista. Maglev received a big boost in 2000 when the Shanghai Municipal Government agreed to purchase a turnkey TransRapid train system from Germany for the 30.5km (19.0mi) rail link connecting Shanghai Pudong International Airport and the city. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. [61] Despite setting speed records on test tracks, the DJJ2, DJF2 and other domestically produced high-speed trains were insufficiently reliable for commercial operation. China Railway assumed control of complete railway network that was built by the dissolved Ministry of Railways. This would later allow the Chinese government through CRRC to make the more reliable Fuxing Hao and Hexie Hao trains. [210] China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. China's high-speed rail network appears to be following this trend. The global expansion of China's high-speed rail sector is particularly problematic because of its disregard for profit. [195] Additionally, another two lines are under construction, the Qingyuan Maglev and the Fenghuang Maglev. [183] In 2016, the high-speed rail revenue was 140.9 billion RMB Yuan (20 billion USD), while the same term interest from at least 3300 billion debt of its construction was 156.8 billion RMB Yuan (22.4 billion USD). The non-stop express train from Beijing to Fuzhou shortened travel time from 33.5 to less than 20 hours. This is . Are China's Railways Profitable? - Here Comes China! Ride to profitability for China-backed Indonesian rail project may take [120] High-speed passenger rail service expanded to 28 provinces and regions. Developing Profitability in High-Speed Railways - L.E.K. Consulting The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000mi) by the end of 2022. In Saudi Arabia's Haramain High Speed Rail Project, Alstom partnered with China Railway Construction Corp. to win the contract to build phase I of the Mecca to Medina HSR line, and Siemens has joined CSR to bid on phase II. [230] It overtook the G529/530 trains for the Beijing West - Beihai (Beihai Railway Station [zh]) service (2,697km (1,676mi), 15 1/2 hours for southbound train, 15 3/4 hours for northbound train), which had set the previous record on July 1, 2016. Kawasaki won an order for 60 train sets based on its E2 Series Shinkansen for 9.3billion. But high-speed trains often have to share tracks with slower, heavy freight trains in some cases with as little as 5 minutes headway. This percentage increased to 65%, 69% and 72% in the year of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. [39] The MOR delayed the decision, broadened the bidding and adopted a diversified approach to adopting foreign high-speed train technology. Later, we began to independently develop high-speed CRH trains with a maximum velocity of 300350 kilometers per hour, which eventually rolled off the production line in December 2007. This 405km (252mi) standard gauge, dual-track, electrified line was built between 1999 and 2003. IPO for China's most profitable high-speed train State to sell 15% of Beijing to Shanghai line to help fund less profitable rail services by KG Chan October 29, 2019 A bullet train departs Shanghai's Hongqiao Station. In June 1998, at a State Council meeting with the Chinese Academies of Sciences and Engineering, Premier Zhu Rongji asked whether the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai still being planned could use maglev technology. Statista assumes no There have been numerous attempts to extend the line without success. Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. [187][53], The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights. [101] From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips. [54] The envisioned network, together with upgraded existing lines, would total 12,000km (7,456mi) in length. August 18, 2020. China's once profitable railways records $900bn debt over push for growth What was once China's profitable high-speed railways is now heading towards a trillion-dollar disaster after reports of debt nearing a whopping $900 billion ANI Asia China's railway records $900 bn debt amid push for expansion High-speed ridership statistics in China are often reported as the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets, and such figures typically include passengers on EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or at service speeds below 200km/h (124mph).[19]. Opponents noted that high-speed rail in other countries were expensive and mostly unprofitable. An investigation of 23 railway construction companies in August 2011 revealed that 70% of existing projects had been slowed or halted mainly due to shortage of funding. "Number of High-speed Railways in China as of August in 2019, by Profit Status and Speed. The China Railways DJF2 (Xianfeng) train was produced in 2001 and set a speed record of 292.8km/h (181.9mph) on September 10, 2002. [14] The report also found that the highest benefit high-speed rail hubs were the ones going through densely populated corridors such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Beijing, Wuhan and Guangzhou, while the lowest benefit ones were remote locations such as Kunming, Nanning and rmqi.[14]. We are happy to help. The CRH's high-speed trains are called Harmony and Rejuvenation. He set up what became known as the "high-speed rail dream" after his visit to Japan in 1978, where he was deeply impressed by the Shinkansen, the world's first high speed rail system. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). Work on the, Facilitates cross-city economic integration and promotes the growth of. [178] To be able to repay principal, ridership would need to exceed 40million. [dead link][58] The MOR reportedly committed investment of 709.1billion (US$107.9billion) in railway construction in 2010 and would invest 700billion (US$106billion) in 2011 on 70 railway projects, including 15 high-speed rail projects. High-speed railway in China - statistics & facts | Statista Measured in passenger-kilometres Who We Are Work With Us Write For Us Media Release Partners Subscribe To ORF Contact Us research Programmes and Centres [74] From July 20, 2011, the frequency of train service from Jinan to Beijing and Tianjin was reduced due to low occupancy, which renewed concerns about demand and profitability for high-speed services. [87][88] Quality and safety concerns also affected plans to export cheaper high-speed train technology to other countries. While a number of high-speed railways in eastern China have started to be operationally profitable since 2015, the high speed railways in the midwest still operate at a loss. [158] Some economists recommend further subsidies to lower fares and boost ridership and ultimately revenues. During the Sixth Railway Speed Up Campaign, 52 CRH trainsets (CRH1, CRH2 and CRH5) entered into operation. A Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line was also initially discussed but later shelved in favour of conventional high-speed rail. [14] In 2021, China's state railway company have also vowed to prioritise in reforms that aims to improve the productivity and efficiency of its high speed rail network, rather than focus on the expansion of track mileage. Several sections of the national grid, especially along the southeast coastal corridor, were built to link cities that had no previous rail connections. [209] In 2007, CRH EMU trains running on conventional track upgraded in the sixth round of the "Speed-up Campaign" carried 61 million passengers, before the country's first high-speed rail line, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway, opened in August 2008. [194], Two other Maglev lines, the Changsha Maglev and the Line S1 of Beijing, were designed for commercial operations with speeds lower than 120km/h (75mph). [84][85][86] The Wenzhou train accident and the lack of accountability by railway officials caused a public uproar and heightened concerns about the safety and management of China's high-speed rail system. [64] On June 13, 2011, the MOR clarified in a press conference that the speed reduction was not due to safety concerns but to offer more affordable tickets for trains at 250km/h (155mph) and increase ridership. [143] However, the rail staff productivity upon railway track infrastructure index in China is less than 0.05, being the lowest among the countries with significant railway construction. [9] HSR lines with design speeds at 200250km/h (120160mph) are more common than higher speed lines. [156] In an analysis conducted in 2019, only five out of fifteen high speed railway lines with travel speeds reaching 350 kilometers per hour, were able to cover all costs that included both the operating and capital costs.[157]. Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed [Graph]. China's Experience with High Speed Rail Offers Lessons for Other Countries [49], On October 19, 2010, the MOR announced the beginning of research and development of "super-speed" railway technology, which would increase the maximum speed of trains to over 500km/h (311mph). On 2011-07-24. When considering route strategy, HSR's market share versus other modes must be well understood. The route is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, and the completed . The price tag of the Shanghai Maglev was believed to be $1.3billion and was partially financed by the German government. China's high-speed rail construction projects are highly capital intensive. [155] The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is one of the few lines that have been profitable, with profits steadily increasing after first breaking even in 2014, and achieving revenue of CNY 29.6 billion and net profit of CNY 12.7 billion in 2017. The Shanghai Maglev is the world's first high-speed commercial magnetic levitation ("maglev") line, whose trains run on non-conventional track and reach a top speed of 430km/h (267mph). China Railway Corporation, the state-owned rail operator and investor in the country's high-speed networks, has debts of Rmb3.8tn ($558bn), much more than the national debt of Greece. More than 110,000 tourists from mainland China left Hong Kong on the first day . CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. 10 years on, Beijing-Shanghai line on fast track to high-speed glory It is also known as "the most profitable" rail line, with annual growth rate of profits registered at 39.4 percent from 2014 to 2019. [178] In its first year of operation from August 1, 2008, to July 31, 2009, the line carried 18.7million riders and generated 1.1billion in revenues, which resulted in a loss of 0.7billion. The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Line showed the greater compatibility of HSR on conventional track with the rest of China's standard gauge rail network. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. In the first three quarters of 2012, the line lost 1.87 billion. While a number of high-speed railways in eastern China have started to be operationally profitable since 2015, the high speed railways in the midwest still operate at a loss. Retrieved 2011-07-25", "First Chinese designed HS train breaks cover", "Keith Bradsher, "China Sees Growth Engine in a Web of Fast Trains". It was profitable every year between 2014 and 2019, according to national railway operator China State Railway Group Co. The Chinese firm will work alongside two Russian companies for on the designs for a total cost of 20.8 billion rubles ($383 million) over the next two years, according to Russian Railways. High-speed rail in China. State planning for China's current high-speed railway network began in the early 1990s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. China's busiest high-speed rail line handles 1.35 billion passengers in To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set How fast is bullet train in China? [102], In the first half of 2011, the MOR as a whole made a profit of 4.29 billion and carried a total debt burden of 2.09 trillion, equal to about 5% of China's GDP. [118], In 2014, high-speed rail expansion gained speed with the opening of the TaiyuanXi'an, HangzhouChangsha, Lanzhou-rmqi, Guiyang-Guangzhou, Nanning-Guangzhou trunk lines and intercity lines around Wuhan, Chengdu,[119] Qingdao[120] and Zhengzhou. Most of China's hsr lines are actually quite busy. The earliest PDLs built were sections of the corridors that connected large cities in the same region. It is the western ward lines are losing money but that is narrowing too. Tentative services began operation in 2003,[7] while the China Railway High-speed (CRH) was introduced in April 2007 and the Beijing-Tianjin intercity rail, which opened in August 2008, was the first passenger dedicated HSR line. In 2018, annual ridership on EMU train sets, which encompasses officially defined high-speed rail service as well as certain sub-high-speed service routes, accounted for about two-thirds of all regional rail trips (not including urban trains) in China. [141] The government also articulated the importance and urgency of assuring the capacity of railway staff, especially their familiarity with telecommunication and signaling testing in the official investigation of the Wenzhou train collision. High-speed rail developed rapidly in China since the mid-2000s. [37] It supplied the technology for the CRH3C, based on the ICE3 (class 403) design, to CNR's Tangshan Railway Vehicle Co. Ltd. How China's high-speed rail network got built so fast | CNN Chart. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used - with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000 mi) by the end of 2022. The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. This statistic is not included in your account. Top speed of 220 mph with some routes running as high as 250 mph. [178] The terms of the loans range from 510 years at interest rates of 6.3 to 6.8 percent. According to a World Bank publication on Chinese HSR, by the end of 2017 "the length of 300350 kph lines was about 10,000 km, and the length of 200250 kph lines was about 15,000 km. [104], To ease the credit shortage facing rail construction, the Ministry of Finance announced tax cuts to interest earned on rail construction financing bonds and the State Council ordered state banks to renew lending to rail projects.

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