The goal is to develop a kit that is lighter and smaller, has a longer battery life, and is safe for Soldiers to use while dismounted. The major difference is the speed of travel. Units with more than four vehicles should consider. Due to mission constraints, the platoon leader may have to leave one vehicle in contact. His other sections continue their reconnaissance mission. As the Army begins its transition to fight the next high intensity conflict, mounted and dismounted reconnaissance units across the formation risk being left behind. Troops should dismount to provide greater security. This report is part of the RAND Corporation Research report series. Based on the available information and his commander's intent and guidance, the platoon leader decides to leave one section in contact to support a hasty attack by a supporting MGS platoon. To regain the use of all his assets, the platoon leader continues coordination to hand off contact to a follow-on element (Figure 3-15). Instead, the platoon leader immediately issues orders to his sections and contacts the MGS platoon leader to initiate coordination for handover of the enemy and support of the MGS platoon's hasty attack. Helping Coastal Communities Plan for Climate Change, Measuring Wellbeing to Help Communities Thrive, Assessing and Articulating the Wider Benefits of Research. It sends this information to the platoon leader in the form of updates to the original spot report as soon as possible. These platoon members should report the enemy contact to the overwatching vehicles and to the platoon leader. The contingency plan must allow time for groups to reach the new (alternate) rally point. To establish communications relay capability for a specific period in support of other reconnaissance operations. If this occurs, the platoon leader must decide whether to commit additional platoon assets to the contact to develop it further or to adopt a COA based on the information he has discovered to that point. The commander approves or disapproves the recommended COA based on how it will affect the parent unit's mission. The platoon uses the column when moving fast, when moving through restricted terrain on a specific route, or when it does not expect enemy contact. xref Trail vehicle will provide rear security M998 or M35 with personnel in the back Orient weapon systems to the rear Each vehicle . This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Formations are intended to be flexible and easily modified to fit the situation, terrain, and combat losses. Traveling, squad dismounted. The platoon must use them in conjunction with other movement- and security-related measures. Whether the platoon plans to exfiltrate on foot, by RV, or by air, it must conduct detailed planning to establish criteria for a passage of lines to minimize the chances of fratricide. The squad bounds by fire teams into the wood line and clear an area large enough for the entire squad. The next overwatch position (the objective for the bounding element). The lead vehicle then bounds past the destroyed vehicle and establishes far-side security. In very large open areas, however, use of dismounted troops may not be feasible because of the distances between covered and concealed positions. In some cases, the improved awareness might prompt the security element to increase these distances. Chapter 4 of this manual discusses dismounted movement techniques in detail. Purposes. Once deployed, the OP maintains surveillance of the avenue of approach until the rest of the reconnaissance element returns. <]/Prev 486262>> In bounding overwatch, one element is always stopped to provide overwatch. Once he receives this, he uses it and the commander's results of terrain analysis to analyze the terrain to find the best covered and concealed route for his mission. "Units are going places where they can't take a vehicle with the current mounted JBC-P," Igwulu said. The element that remains in contact maintains visual contact with the enemy and reports if the enemy situation changes. Four GCVs per mechanized infantry platoon allow for the carrying of full nine-man squads (plus the three-man GCV crews) in a single vehicle. The battalion mortars can also provide effective and responsive support when elements must break contact. Open Areas. The patrol also uses the coil for tactical refueling, resupply, and issuing patrol orders. Only in this way can it move effectively while maintaining adequate security. Using the movement azimuth, the leader designates a rally point on the far side, decides which side of the open area to contour around (after considering the distance, terrain, and cover and concealment), and moves around the open area. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. This paragraph discusses the technological advantages of the mobility systems and C3 subsystems of the reconnaissance platoon as operational aids for planning, navigating, controlling, and executing combat operations. Once achieved, the element uses this advantage to destroy the enemy with direct fires and dismounted infantry assault. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited; linking directly to this product page is encouraged. All elements of the patrol mounted their tactical vehicles and moved to the vehicle drop off point upon completion of rehearsals. (4) Rally Point. It normally maintains contact with the lead element and may stop periodically for better observation. The platoon must approach hills and curves cautiously, and dismounted members must clear any dead space. They must also state what actions the reconnaissance platoon must take if it must exfiltrate unexpectedly. For example, reconnaissance forces that have infiltrated or bypassed the enemy-occupied area may need to exfiltrate as soon as they gather the required information. They should use radio listening silence except to report contact with enemy forces or to send critical information that the commander has directed them to report immediately. The objective is to determine exactly what the enemy situation is by dismounted reconnaissance or other reconnaissance assets and systems (ground surveillance radar, tactical unmanned aerial vehicles, and long-range reconnaissance and surveillance). If the platoon encounters an unexpected danger area, it uses the en route rally points closest to the danger area as far side and near side rally points. The earlier in the contact that the platoon leader can make this decision, the better. Choose and recommend a COA and maneuver the force. (e) Conduct a Hasty Attack. The vehicle turrets are manned. (3) When enemy contact is likely and the platoon must move across large open areas with limited cover and concealment, the platoon leader should consider using reconnaissance by indirect fire to provide additional security during movement. Christian Gutierrez, platoon sergeant from Queens, New York, assigned to Bandit Troop, 1st Squadron, 3d Cavalry Regiment, conducts a mounted movement of a tactical convoy of mixed U.S. and ANA 203rd Corps military police vehicle U.S. Army 1st Lt. Joseph Cornely and U.S. Army Capt. Two-section platoon line formation. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Section dismounted formation. Digital or visual contact, in which the enemy is observed but the platoon remains undetected, is the goal. (f) Establish a Hasty Defense. The overwatching section or team provides suppressive fires, both indirect and direct (if necessary), to cover the movement of the displacing unit. These fires serve to suppress the enemy, reducing his ability to observe the reconnaissance platoon; they also fix the enemy's attention on the last known location of the mounted element. The term "movement techniques" does not refer to the movement of fixed formationsit refers to the fluctuating distances between soldiers, teams, and squads. Each vehicle has a particular position to occupy in the coil. Figure 3-4. If the platoon has a hard time linking up at the rally point, then the first element to arrive should mark the rally point with an infrared light source. The element in contact next concentrates on defining what enemy it faces. If he cannot find a bypass, he focuses not only on finding potential enemy positions but also on locating covered and concealed routes for bounding and a covered and concealed position to which the unit can move. Figure 3-4. Contact with obstacles of enemy or unknown origin. ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. Route Planning. Situations involving nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) conditions (see. It stops inside the wood line, ensuring it is still within the shadow line of the woods. U.S. Army 2nd Platoon, Bandit Troop, 1st Squadron, 3d Cavalry Regiment from Ft. In another instance, the platoon may deploy in a stay-behind mode during defensive operations, requiring it to plan and execute movement to return to friendly controlled areas. It may use mounted reconnaissance to move additional assets into the area to support the reconnaissance element in contact. The Precision Fires-Dismounted system has undergone the most significant changes. For example, when a section or team repeatedly misses mandatory radio contact, other elements must assume that the element has a communications problem, is in trouble, or both. There are five formations for platoon mounted movement: column, line, wedge, vee, and echelon. What are the drawbacks of the Bradley fighting vehicle? a. endstream endobj 43 0 obj <>>>/Metadata 40 0 R/Outlines 33 0 R/Pages 39 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 44 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/W/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 45 0 obj <> endobj 46 0 obj [/ICCBased 64 0 R] endobj 47 0 obj <> endobj 48 0 obj [69 0 R] endobj 49 0 obj <>stream Within a platoon, a section would provide a base of fire. The platoon can also use indirect fires to degrade the enemy's acquisition and observation capabilities by forcing him to seek cover. 0000041439 00000 n He does this for several tactical reasons: to continue operations as directed, to regain use of all his elements, or to give responsibility to a friendly element that can more effectively handle the enemy force. The Army has examined the lessons of half a dozen significant conflicts, starting with World War II, has conducted numerous studies over the last 65 years, and has found time and again that an ability to conduct dismounted fire and maneuver is the fundamental squad-level tactic. The section or team leader sends a contact report and quickly engages and destroys the enemy vehicle. 42 0 obj <> endobj Based on the initial spot report of the reconnaissance section or team in contact, the platoon leader determines that he has located his primary reconnaissance objective. Dismounted ground exfiltration is preferred when areas along the route are largely uninhabited, when enemy forces are widely dispersed or under such pressure that they cannot conduct counterreconnaissance and security operations, or when terrain is sufficiently restricted to degrade enemy efforts to use mobile forces against the exfiltrating reconnaissance unit. Figure 3-9. He considers various possible COAs, based on well-developed TTP (including battle drills), to meet the types of contact. Preparing and coordinating fire support for the friendly attack. 0000008495 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n Rifle squads normally move in column or wedge formation (Figure 3-17). DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT FORMATIONS Infantry squads normally move mounted until the situation requires them to dismount. Virtual training puts the 'real' in realistic environment (a) The platoon leader updates his spot report to the commander with any new information and then recommends a COA to the commander. The platoon can exfiltrate by air, water, or land. This becomes more critical as the likelihood of enemy contact increases. Once he decides on a COA, he recommends it to the battalion commander and provides information on how the platoon COA will affect the current situation. A system failure, an inability of the GPS to acquire satellites, or a lag time in position updates could prove disastrous in combat if the leader relies solely on the system. The company commander should receive a copy of the modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) of the AO from battalion task force. The platoon leader follows up on the contact report with an initial spot report. This ruggedized, handheld radio delivers real-time Link 16 communications to dismounted warfighters at the tactical edge. The platoon maintains relative positioning based on terrain and combat losses. This information allows the platoon leader to disperse his unit during movement. Visual contact (friendly elements may or may not be observed by the enemy). The platoon can execute a bounding overwatch using one of the methods discussed earlier in this chapter. When this reconnaissance is complete, the section or team sends an updated report to higher headquarters. e. Traveling Overwatch (Dismounted). Traveling, platoon mounted. During its move, the lead vehicle overwatches it. They get position updates to ensure the forward security element remains on azimuth and within range of supporting direct fires. Infiltration on a single lane (Figure 3-19) is the least desirable technique because it requires all infiltrating groups to move at intervals on the same lane. US Army Cavalry and the End of the Dragoon The US Army organized another mounted force, two cavalry regiments, in 1855. If the platoon concentrates, it risks losing its capability to complete its mission and jeopardizing its ability to conduct subsequent missions. The platoon leader issues appropriate orders directing his subordinates to prepare to support the hasty attack. These aids also provide directional information for movement and target acquisition, and they augment operational planning graphics such as checkpoints, boundaries, coordination points, and phase lines. Traveling overwatch is used when contact is possible but speed is desirable (Figures 3-10 and 3-11). (1) Detour Bypass Method. When expecting contact, the platoon should use the slowest, most secure movement technique (Figure 3-19). When the enemy situation seems unclear or when contact might occur, leaders often use the wedge formation shown in Figure 3-2. Understanding Why a Ground Combat Vehicle That Carries Nine Dismounts A dismounted observation post (OP) (two to three Soldiers); A local security team (two Soldiers); Two dismounted patrols, each less than less than six hours in duration (six personnel each);. PDF Maneuver Leaders' Role in Observation Planning - United States Army Normally, the platoon leader briefs the section leaders on the route and speed and then allows the lead section to control the column movement. In addition, it must avoid becoming vehicle-bound; it must be prepared to dismount to improve observation, prevent enemy detection, and provide security. When terrain permits sections to be mutually supporting (such as in desert terrain) and other METT-TC factors are favorable, the platoon leader can use this technique to control bounding by sections. (4) The platoon may encounter small clearings, buildings, or hills while moving through a wooded area. Thus far, the R&D team is making progress on reducing SWaP of each component of X JBC-P prototypes through both government-developed and commercial technologies. The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield to prepare them for contact with the enemy. (2) The platoon usually moves in formation when using traveling or traveling overwatch. The troopers then conducted a dismounted movement for 7 km with. Establishing a contact point to link up with, brief, and guide the friendly unit as necessary. All vehicles should move completely off the road if terrain allows. However, troops must approach and move through them with extreme caution. When the terrain precludes use of the wedge, fire teams use the file formation (Figure 3-8). %%EOF In most situations, smaller elements are better able to take advantage of available cover and concealment. As the terrain becomes less rugged and control becomes easier, the soldiers assume their original positions (Figure 3-9). When a reconnaissance platoon member makes contact with the enemy, he reacts according to the circumstances of the contact. Leaders must maintain a paper map with an acetate operational graphics overlay in case of system failures. Each vehicle normally follows directly behind the vehicle in front of it. Direct fire engagements are normally limited to whatever actions are required to break contact.

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